Micronutrient Quiz Resources

Micronutrient	Roles in the body	Symptoms of excess	Symptoms of deficiency	Good sources
Vitamin A	Vision, antioxidant, immune function	Skin disorders, bone fracture, liver damage	Night blindness, drying of skin, infections	Liver, sweet potato, carrots, spinach
Thiamin (B1)	Glucose metabolism	None	Beriberi, weakness, loss of appetite, nerve degeneration	Pork, whole/enriched grains, fortified cereals
Riboflavin (B2)	Releasing energy from fats and sugars	None	Inflamed tongue, mouth, cracking of skin at mouth	Liver, cereals, yogurt, milk
Biotin (B5)	Helps make DNA, glucose, fatty acids	None	Hair loss, rash, convulsions, neurologic disorders, delayed growth	Cauliflower, peanuts, cheese
Folate (B9)	DNA synthesis, cell division, making RBCs	Could mask a B12 deficiency	Megaloblastic anemia, neural tube defects in infants	Fortified cereals, fruits, spinach, legumes
Vitamin B12	Folate metabolism, nerve function (by helping produce myelin)	None	Megaloblastic anemia, nerve damage, numbness, tingling, loss of cognitive function	Animal proteins, fortified cereals
Vitamin C	Collagen formation, immune function, antioxidant	Diarrhea, nausea	Scurvy, poor wound healing, bleeding of gums, weakness	Fruits and vegetables
Vitamin D	Regulates level of calcium in blood (and bone)	High amount of calcium in blood – urination, thirst, nausea	Rickets or osteoporosis – lss of bone density	Fortified milk and cereals, seafood
Vitamin E	Antioxidant, protects cell membranes	Can interfere w/ blood clotting	Breakdown of RBCs – hemolysis, neurological problems	Wheat, vegetable and seed oils
Vitamin K	Blood clotting, bone health	Rare	Rare except in newborns	Spinach, broccoli, lettuce, turnips

Micronutrient	Roles in the body	Symptoms of excess	Symptoms of deficiency	Good sources
Calcium	Makes bones hard and strong, allows nerves to transmit impulses, blood clotting, muscle contraction	Fatigue, confusion, loss of appetite, constipation Coma, cardiac arrest	Muscle spasms, convulsions Osteoporosis	Tofu, yogurt, milk, cheese
Fluoride	Prevents dental cavities	Discoloring and pitting of tooth enamel	Increased risk for cavities, bone weakness	Fluoridated water
Iodine	Used to make thyroid hormones that control metabolism	Goiter	Goiter, weight gain, sluggishness, decreased body temp.	Seafood, iodized salt, bread
Iron	Oxygen transport in blood, forming enzymes, immune function, brain function	Constipation, increased risk of heart disease and cancer	Anemia	Seafood, lentils, beef, spinach
Phosphorous	Essential component of ATP, DNA, and RNA	Can bind Ca and lead to muscle spasms and convulsions Bone loss	Anorexia, dizziness, bone pain, muscle weakness	Milk, meat, yogurt
Potassium	Regulates muscle contractions and nerve impulse transmissions	Cardiac arrest, death	Loss of appetite, muscle cramps, confusion	Bananas, spinach, Seafood, yogurt
Zinc	Growth and development, formation of collagen, immune function, enzymes	Nausea, vomiting, cramping	Cessation of growth, hair loss, skin lesions, infections	Beef, oysters, crab, legumes, whole grains

12/3/14

Tonight's homework is to complete your Dietary Disaster write-up so that it can be submitted in class tomorrow. Additionally, the micronutrient quiz is on Friday so continue to work on your study sheet and studying as well as Assignment 23 (the practice questions).

Assignment #23 - 11AC

Micronutrients Quiz Review

Answer the following questions to the best of your ability.

_________ 1. Which foods have low levels or no iodine and thus are NOT good sources of iodine?

A. Milk                                                                         C. Vegetable Oil

B. Eggs                                                                        D. Organic Yogurt

_________ 2. Which part of the body would be most affected by a vitamin C deficiency?

A. The brain                                                                        C. Teeth and gums

B. Muscle tissue                                                            D. Stomach lining

_________ 3. Which of the following is NOT a good source of Vitamin D?

A. Oatmeal                                                                        C. Mushrooms

B. Tuna                                                                        D. Egg Yolk

_________ 4. How much calcium should a woman has reached menopause consume daily?

A. 500 mg                                                                        C. 1500 mg

B. 1000 mg                                                                        D. 2000 mg

_________ 5. Osteoporosis is a symptom of a deficiency of which of the following micronutrients?

A. Folate                                                                        C. Biotin

B. Calcium                                                                        D. Retinol

_________ 6. Night blindness is a symptom of a deficiency of which of the following micronutrients?

A. Folate                                                                        C. Biotin

B. Calcium                                                                        D. Retinol

True or False

_________ 7. A vitamin B₆ deficiency affects the nervous system.

_________ 8. Folate works with Vitamin B₁₂ in order to create new proteins.

_________ 9. Vitamin E (tocopherol) is necessary for normal cell membrane function.

_________ 10. Potassium is necessary for normal cell membrane function. Short Answer

11. What is the difference between a vitamin and a mineral?

12. What is anemia?

13. Why does iron deficiency lead to anemia?

14. Why do you need a constant supply of vitamins like thiamin, biotin, and Vitamin C?

15. Why are there toxicity problems associated with vitamins like Vitamin A, D, and E?

Assignment #23 - 12AC

Micronutrients Quiz Review

Answer the following questions to the best of your ability.

_________ 1. How much calcium should a woman has reached menopause consume daily?

A. 500 mg                                                                        C. 1500 mg

B. 1000 mg                                                                        D. 2000 mg

_________ 2. Which of the following foods are high in thiamin?

A. Nuts and seeds                                                            C. Candy

B. Fruits                                                                        D. Vegetables

_________ 3. Choose the answer that fills in the corresponding blanks. The average amount of magnesium in the body at any given time is ________ and _________ percent of the body’s magnesium is located within the skeletal system.

A. 25; 50                                                                        D; 50; 50

B. 50; 25                                                                        E. 25; 100

C. 25; 25

_________ 4. Which of the following are two foods high in Vitamin B­₁₂?

A. Lettuce and tomatoes                                                C. Mushrooms and onions

B. Milk and eggs                                                            D. Orange juice and bananas

_________ 5. Which part of the body would be most affected by a vitamin C deficiency?

A. The brain                                                                        C. Teeth and gums

B. Muscle tissue                                                            D. Stomach lining

_________ 6. Which of the following is NOT a good source of Vitamin D?

A. Lightbulb                                                                        C. Milk

B. Egg yolks                                                                        D. Mushrooms

True or False

_________ 7. It is common for men to have an excess of biotin.

_________ 8. Vitamin E deficiency is rare.

_________ 9. Zinc is a mineral.

Short Answer

10. What is the difference between a vitamin and a mineral?

11. What is anemia?

12. Why does iron deficiency lead to anemia?

13. Why do you need a constant supply of vitamins like thiamin, biotin, and Vitamin C?

14. Why are there toxicity problems associated with vitamins like Vitamin A, D, and E?

12/2/14

Tonight's homework is to finish up any leftover research and continue your write-up of the patient's diagnosis, recommendations, prognosis, and bibliography. Final products can be submitted in class tomorrow or at the beginning of class on Thursday.

The micronutrient quiz will take place on Friday in class. Prepare accordingly by reviewing your notes and making a review sheet, flash cards, etc.

Micronutrient Presentations

11AC
Biotin
Vitamin B6
Folate
Calcium
Potassium
Vitamin E
Vitamin D
Iodine
Vitamin C

12AC
Thiamin
Zinc
Biotin
Potassium
Niacin
Vitamin B12
Vitamin E
Calcium
Vitamin C
Vitamin D
Magnesium

12/1/14

Tonight's homework is to continue researching your dietary malady and hopefully draw conclusions about what is affecting your patient. Then you can begin writing it up according to the parameters discussed in class.

Diagnosing a Dietary Disaster!

Introduction

You have just graduated medical school and are now beginning your residency. You and your team of other residents will be working together to help Dr. House (who is back from the “dead,” but can’t practice medicine) with some of his more straightforward cases (sorry, no Exploding Head Syndrome or hypertrichosis to solve this time). Your task is as follows:

1. Based on the reporting patient’s symptoms, make a claim and diagnose the dietary deficiency to the best of your ability. Support your conclusion with logical reasoning.

2. Recommend a treatment for the patient with an explanation of why you think this will work.

3. Produce a write-up for the patient’s medical files as well as a report to your supervisor. Your individual write-up will include the following:

a. The patient’s symptoms

b. Your diagnosis of the dietary deficiency and the reasoning/evidence behind it

c. Your recommendation for treatment supported by reasoning and evidence

d. A prognosis for the patient – Do you expect the patient to survive? Will he or she live a normal life? Explain.

e. An MLA or APA formatted bibliography

Criteria	4 (Mastery)	3 (Proficient)	2 (Approaching)	1 (Needs Revision)
Draws conclusion and makes diagnosis	Correctly diagnoses disorder/disease	Correctly diagnoses disorder/disease	Incorrectly diagnoses disorder/disease, but diagnosis is close to actual condition	Incorrectly diagnoses disorder/disease
Supports conclusions with specific evidence	Correctly and clearly uses several pieces of evidence and reasoning to support diagnosis	Correctly uses multiple pieces of evidence and reasoning to support diagnosis	Correctly uses evidence but relies heavily on one/few pieces of evidence OR misinterprets and/or misuses a piece of evidence	Misinterprets and/or misuses multiple pieces of evidence
Demonstrates detailed knowledge of content	Consistently and correctly uses detailed explanations (to discuss condition, affected body system(s), etc.)	Correctly uses detailed explanations	Uses details and explains, but with minor errors	Avoids details OR does not explain thoroughly
Written work acknowledges sources	Always writes in student friendly language without information directly lifted from sources AND contains an APA formatted bibliography	Consistently writes in student friendly language without information directly lifted from sources AND contains an APA formatted bibliography	Consistently writes in student friendly language without information directly lifted from sources OR contains an APA formatted bibliography	Does not consistently write in student friendly language OR lifts information directly from sources OR does not submit a bibliography
Written work is professional	Writes elegantly and in a sophisticated manner while very consistently adhering to spelling and grammar conventions.	Very consistently adheres to spelling and grammar conventions.	Consistently adheres to spelling and grammar conventions.	Mostly adheres to spelling and grammar conventions.

SAMPLE

Patient: James Johns

Symptoms: Constant thirst, fatigue, frequent urination, sweet breath

Diagnosis: The constant thirst and frequent urination seemed to obviously be connected. They also point to kidney issue. The presence of glucose in James’ urine and the smell of fruit on his breath indicated that there was more to the condition rather than just kidney problems. Glucose‘s presence in the bloodstream indicates that he is likely diabetic (to be confirmed with a blood test). It is more likely that James is suffering from Type 1 diabetes as opposed to Type 2 diabetes, because of his young age and athletic lifestyle. Additionally, it is obvious that he does not have gestational diabetes because he is neither pregnant nor a woman.

Explanation: All tissues in the human body rely upon glucose as an energy source. Glucose is obtained from chemical digestion by enzymes in saliva and the small intestine and then it is absorbed into the bloodstream by the villi in the small intestine. The hormone insulin is responsible in part for maintaining blood glucose levels. Its release by the pancreas aids the diffusion of glucose into the cell so that its energy can be released and stored or used in the cell. These actions allow the cell to have a constant supply of glucose in order to function most effectively. James’ diabetes prevents his pancreas from producing more insulin and as a result, his blood glucose levels stay very high because insulin cannot help to diffuse glucose into the cell. As a result, James and his cells lack energy.

Recommendations: James should continue to eat healthy and exercise regularly. He will also need insulin in order to balance his blood glucose levels. Daily injections of insulin will helpful for managing his diabetes. He will also need a blood glucose meter in order to keep track of his blood glucose levels and keep it under 110 mg per 100 mL of blood .

Prognosis: If James carefully monitors his blood glucose levels, maintains his insulin injections and continues his otherwise healthy lifestyle, then he should live a normal life for a long time to come. If he does not, then he may suffer from complications such as hypoglycemia, which could cause short-term problems such as a lack of energy, fainting or even a diabetic coma that could result in death. Without proper management of his condition, James is at a much higher risk of complications such as heart disease, blindness, neuropathy, amputations, and kidney disease.

Bibliography:

Eckman, A. (2010, May 10). Diabetes - symptoms, diagnosis, treatment of diabetes. Retrieved from http://health.nytimes.com/health/guides/disease/diabetes/overview.html

Zieve, D., & Eltz, D. (2011, August 31). Diabetes. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002194/